Author: Gayatri Mantra
By Gayatri Mantra
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What is it?
-----------
Gayatri Mantra is a chant, which encourages the human who is chanting it to recognize that:
(1) there is this energy that is present everywhere in everything and everyone — including inside one's own self,
(2) everyone —including oneself— should try channeling all this energy to gain pure enlightened intelligence, and
(3) one is and always will be a part of this powerful energy and should therefore attempt to make best use of it.
In Sanskrit (Devanagari) - Short version:
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Om bhur bhuvaH svaH, tat savitur varenyaM, bhargo devasya dhImahi, dhIyo yo naH prachodayAt.
ॐ भूर्भुवः॒ स्वः । तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यं । भ॒र्गो दे॒वस्य धीमहि । धियो॒ यो नः प्रचो॒दयात् ।
In Sanskrit - Full long version:
--------------------------------
Om bhUH, Om bhuvaH, Om svaH, Om mahaH, Om janaH, Om tapaH, Om satyam.
Om tat savitur varenyaM, bhargo, devasya dhImahi, dhIyo yo naH, prachodayAt.
Om Apo jyoti rasoamRitaM brahma, bhur bhuvas svar Om.
ॐ भू: । ॐ भुवः । ओꣳ सुवः । ॐ महः । ॐ जनः । ॐ तपः । ओꣳ स॒त्यम् ।
ॐ तत् सवितुर् वरेण्यं । भ॒र्गो दे॒वस्य धीमहि । धियो॒ यो नः प्रचो॒दयात् ।
ॐ आपो॒ ज्योती रसो अमृतं ब्रह्म । भूर् भुवस् स्वर् ॐ ।
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Sanskrit to English translation, with Chakras and Yoga Meditation process
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"Om", chanted as Aum (ā̄um), refers to the energy that constitutes the entire universe and is omnipresent (present everywhere in everything and everyone).
(1)
Imagine: Energy inside body.
Procedure: Keep eyes closed. As you chant, feel the internal energy move slowly upward — from the feet to top of the head.
----------|-----------------------|-----------------------------|----------|------------------|--------------------|-----------------------------|
| Meditate:"Om is in me"| Loka - Realm | Element | Chakra Location | Function | Inner State (Kundalini) |
----------|-----------------------|-----------------------------|----------|------------------|--------------------|-----------------------------|
Om bhUH | Om is in what I am | Bhur - physical existence | earth | below spine base | survival, grounding| I exist: have physical form |
Om bhuvaH | Om is in what I sense | Bhuwar - flowing liquids | water | lower abdomen | needs of life | I am alive: life flows in me|
Om svaH | Om is in what I do | Swar - energies, heaven | fire | above navel (gut)| guts, determination| I act: courage to do good |
Om mahaH | Om is in what I feel | Mahar - emotion | air | chest/lungs/heart| love | I give & receive compassion |
Om janaH | Om is in what I create| Janah - creative generation| ether** | throat-pit | creative forces | I convey creative ideas |
Om tapaH | Om is in what I think | Tapah - intuition | intellect| above eyebrows | intuition (3rd eye)| I think and understand |
Om satyam | Om is in what I know | Brahma - absolute truth | conscious| above head (halo)| enlightenment | I am in blissful peace |
----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
. ....... .
. . * . *-- satyam .
. ....... .
. ##### .
. ######### .
. ##" * "## *-- tapaH .
. (| - - |) .
. O| | |O .
. \ = / .
. ____/`---'\____ .
. .' ..*.. `. *-- janaH .
. / // \\ \ .
. / _|| . * . ||_ \ *-- mahaH .
. | || || | .
. | |\ /| | .
. | \_| \ * / |_/ | *-- svaH .
. \ .-\| \ -.- / |/-. / .
. ___'. .' -/--.--\- '. .'___ .
. ."" '< `.___\_<*>_/___.' _> \"". *-- bhuvaH .
. | | : '- \'. :'. .': .'/ -' : | | .
. \ \ '-. \_\_'. .'_/_/ ._' / / .
. '-.'___'_._/\_\_|_/_/\_._'___'.-' .
. o--// * \\--o *-- bhUH .
(2)
Imagine: Energy outside body.
Procedure: Keep eyes closed. As you chant, imagine a very bright light. It shines on your body and waits for you. Float slowly towards it.
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| Meditate: "Give us intelligence" |
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Om tat savitur varenyaM| I see 'Om' — that (tat) light (savitur) which is bright (varenyaM).|
| |
bhargo | Destroy our impurities and purify us (bhargo), |
devasya dhImahi | and give us enlightened (devasya) intelligence (dhImahi). |
| |
dhIyo yo naH | Let good thoughts (dhIyo) from you (yo) enter us all (naH) |
prachodayAt | and guide us in the right direction (prachodayat). |
-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
. .
. ' .
. \ | / .
. '-.:':.-' .
. -==: :==- .
. .-':.:'-. .
. . / | \ . .
. / ' \ .
. / | \ .
. ' ' ' .
. ' ' ' .
. ' _ ' .
. (") .
. (/ \) .
. (_.\._) .
. .
(3)
Imagine: Energy inside body united with energy outside body.
Procedure: Keep eyes closed. As you chant, imagine that you have now entered the center of the bright light. Feel the warmth and power.
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| Meditate: "I am part of Om" |
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Om Apo jyoti rasoamRitaM brahma | I am part of 'Om' — I bathe (Apo) in Om's light (jyoti), |
| essence (raso) of immortality (amritam), and creative power (brahma).|
| |
bhur bhuvas svar Om | What I am (bhur), what I sense (bhuvas), and what I do (swar), |
| are all part of 'Om'. |
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. . .
. . : . .
. '. . : . .' .
. ._ '._.-'''-._.' _. .
. '-..' '..-' .
. --._ / _ \ _.-- .
. ; (") \; .
. -----| (/ \) |----- .
. _: (_.\._) ;_ .
. --' \ / '-- .
. _.-''. .''-._ .
. ' .''-.'_'.-''. ' .
. .' ' : ' '. .
. ' : ' .
. ' .
. .
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SUMMARY:
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Gayatri Mantra in English (Short):
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| Om is in what I am, what I sense, and what I do. |
| |
| I see Om — that light which is bright. |
| |
| Destroy our impurities and purify us, |
| and give us enlightened intelligence. |
| |
| Let good thoughts from you enter us all, |
| and guide us in the right direction. |
Gayatri Mantra in English (Full):
---------------------------------
| Om is in what I am. |
| Om is in what I sense. |
| Om is in what I do. |
| Om is in what I feel. |
| Om is in what I create. |
| Om is in what I think. |
| Om is in what I know. |
| |
| |
| I see Om — that light which is bright. |
| |
| Destroy our impurities and purify us, |
| and give us enlightened intelligence. |
| |
| Let good thoughts from you enter us all, |
| and guide us in the right direction. |
| |
| |
| I am part of Om — I bathe in Om's light, |
| essence of immortality, and creative power. |
| |
| What I am, what I sense, and what I do, |
| are all part of Om. |
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** NOTES **
------- Omnipresent Energy -------
Scientific basis: Similar to first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy): energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but can only be transformed from one form to another.
In ॐ Om, chanted as ā̄um [ɑːːum], the three sounds a-, u-, m- represent three processes: अ a- (viṣṇu- विष्णु preserve/protect forms of energy and matter), उ u- (śiva- शिव destroy, liberate, transform forms of matter to forms of energy, to make space for creation), म m- (brahmā- ब्रह्मा create, transform forms of energy to forms of matter).
The forces that nourish (puṣṭi पुष्टि ) the three processes are represented as lakṣmī- लक्ष्मी , durgā- दुर्गा / kālī- काली , and sarasvatī- सरस्वति.
That अ, उ, and म् represent विष्णु, महेश्वर (शिव), and ब्रह्मा in the pranava प्रणव sound ॐ as a triad त्रय is noted in the
vāyu purāṇa (अकारो विष्णुरुद्दिष्ट उकारस्तु महेश्वरः । मकारस्तु स्मृतो ब्रह्मा प्रणवस्तु त्रयात्मकः ॥) and mahānirvāṇa-tantram (अकारो विष्णुरुद्दिष्ट उकारस्तु महेश्वरः । मकारेणोच्यते ब्रह्मा प्रणवेन त्रयो मताः ॥).
------- Ether (also spelled as Aether), the element of [ ॐ जनः | Om janaH ] -------
At a cosmic level, 'ether' is what seems to be empty space across the universe but is actually a medium that allows for a state of creative generation (janaH) between energy and tangible matter.
Cosmic creation happens when, in the 'ether' medium, 'energy' transforms to generate (janaH) 'matter'.
Scientific basis: Similar to Einstein's: E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass (matter), and c is the speed of light.
At a human level, 'ether' is the medium for creative generation (janaH) between human energy (efforts/mind/ideas) and human creations (symbols/voice/matter).
In a 1920 lecture on 'Ether and the Theory of Relativity', Einstein said: "To deny the ether is ultimately to assume that empty space has no physical qualities whatsoever. The fundamental facts of mechanics do not harmonize with this view." ... "The ether of the general theory of relativity is a medium which is itself devoid of all mechanical and kinematical qualities, but helps to determine mechanical (and electromagnetic) events." ... "According to the general theory of relativity, space without Aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time, nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense."
Aether, in general relativity and related scientific theories, is often understood as containing 'dark energy'. According to NASA.gov, "It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest —everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter— adds up to less than 5% of the universe. ... One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space. Albert Einstein was the first person (in the western world) to realize that empty space is not nothing."
In VijñānaBhairava (Śaivāgama Yoga), verses "refer to the contemplation of the void", where Shiva represents the "fundamental ground of all that is known as void, from whom all the tattvas (realities) arise and in whom they are all dissolved. ... From the point of view of the human mind, He is most void. From the point of view of Reality, He is most full, for He is the source of all manifestation. ... Śūnyabhāvanā is the imaginative contemplation that the whole world is unsubstantial, mere void. ... He is known externally also through His Śakti — power or Energy, His manifestation in the cosmos. ... the object of meditation is Śiva who is the supreme source of all manifestation and who is to be meditated on as non-different from one's own essential Self."
------- Meditation -------
For implementing the three-step meditation process described above (1. energy inside body, 2. energy outside body, and 3. energy inside body united with energy outside body), the following advice from Sri Aurobindo (Bases of Yoga, 1936, pages 7–8) may be useful:
"At first the peace and calm are not continuous, they come and go, and it usually takes a long time to get them settled in the nature. It is better therefore to avoid impatience and to go on steadily with what is being done. If you wish to have something beyond the peace and calm, let it be the full opening of the inner being and the consciousness of the divine power working in you. Aspire for that sincerely and with a great intensity but without impatience and it will come. ... This calm, peace, and surrender are the right atmosphere for all the rest to come: knowledge, strength, ananda. ... The quiet consciousness of peace you now have in the mind must become not only calm but wide. You must feel it everywhere — yourself in it and all in it. ... The wider your consciousness becomes, the more you will be able to receive from above. The shakti will be able to descend and bring strength and light as well as peace into the system. What you feel as narrow and limited in you is the physical mind; it can only widen if this wider consciousness and the light come down and possess the nature. ... Remain quiet, open yourself, and call the divine shakti to confirm the calm and peace, to widen the consciousness, and to bring into it as much light and power as it can at present receive and assimilate. Take care not to be over-eager, as this may disturb again such quiet and balance as has been already established in the vital nature."
------- Vedas -------
Ancient texts where full long version of Gayatri Mantra is mentioned:
1) Vedas -->
Rigveda / Rig Veda [edition 1700 to 1100 BCE] -->
Sukta / Suktam -->
॥ नवग्रहसूक्तम् ॥ Navagraha Suktam / Navagraha Mantraha --> ॥ प्राणायामम् ॥ Pranayamam -->
full long version of gayatri mantra is mentioned, prior to salutations to the sun, moon, planets, and lunar nodes.
2) Vedas -->
Yajurveda / Yajur Veda (Krishna Yajurveda) [edition 1200 to 1000 BCE] -->
॥ तैत्तिरीयारण्यकम् ॥ TaittiriyAranyakam / Taittiriya-Aranyaka -->
Chapter 10 (Mahanarayana Upanishad)-->
[10-35-1] in Taittiriya-Aranyaka provides the full long version of gayatri mantra.
3) Vedas -->
Atharvaveda / Atharva Veda [edition 1200 to 1000 BCE] -->
Vaishnava Upanishads -->
॥ त्रिपाद्विभूतिमहानारायणोपनिषत् ॥ Tripad Vibhuti Mahanarayana Upanishad -->
full long version of gayatri mantra is mentioned, in the ninth decile.
4) Puranas (attempts to interpret Vedas) [edition 200 to 1000 CE] -->
॥ नारदः पुराणा ॥ Narada Purana -->
॥ ऋग्वेदीय सन्ध्या वन्दनम् ॥ Rigvediya Sandhyavandanam / Sandhya Vandana / Sandhyopasana (ritual based on Ashvalayana sutras of Rigveda) -->
full long version of gayatri mantra is mentioned, in initial part of prayers during twilight (dawn/morning and dusk/evening).
Ancient text where short version of Gayatri Mantra is mentioned:
5) Vedas -->
Samaveda / Sama Veda [edition 1200 to 1000 BCE] -->
॥ सामवेद कौथुम शाखा ॥ Kauthuma Shakha -->
॥ सामवेदीय प्रकृतिगानम् ॥ Prakrutigana / Prakrutiganam -->
॥ प्रथमोऽध्यायः (आग्नेयं पर्व) प्रथमः खण्डः (गायत्री छन्दस्कम्) ॥ First Sama -->
section ॥ विश्वामित्रो गायत्री सविता ॥ (Vishvamitra's Gayatri for the power of Sun), contains the short version for chanting in ancient melody:
| २० ३क २० १ २ ३ १ २० ३ १ २ ३ १ २ |
| ॐ भूर्भुवः स्वः । तत्सवितुर्व रे ण्यं भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि । |
| ३ १ २ ३ १ २ |
| धियो यो नः प्रचोदयात् ॥ |
The symbols above the mantra indicate the musical note (Sama Svaraḥ स्वरः).
The shorter version of Gayatri Mantra became popular for easy chanting in melody, either vocal only or vocal with musical instruments.
------- Gayatri गायत्री -------
Meanings of the word 'Gayatri': principal vedic hymn; mother of the vedas and vedic literature.
------- Bhagwad Gita भगवद् गीता -------
Chapter 7 Shloka 4 in the Gita is:
भूमिरापोऽनलो वायु: खं मनो बुद्धिरेव च |
अहङ्कार इतीयं मे भिन्ना प्रकृतिरष्टधा ॥
Translation:
Earth (भूमि), water (आपो॒), fire (अनलो), air (वायु:), ether (खं), mind (मनो), knowledge (बुद्धि), and also (एव च)
egotism (अहङ्कार), thus this (इतीयं) energy (प्रकृति) in us (मे) is divided (भिन्ना) into eight aspects (अष्टधा).
The full gayatri mantra encourages meditation to recognize seven aspects of energy in us (भू: bhuh/earth — I am, भुवः॒ bhuvah/water — I sense, स्वः swah/fire — I do, महः mahah/air — I feel, जनः janah/ether — I create, तपः tapah/intellect using मन mind — I think, and सत्यम satyam/enlightenment using बुद्धि knowledge — I know) and encourages meditation to reduce the eighth aspect of egotism (भ॒र्गो दे॒वस्य धीमहि । धियो॒ यो नः प्रचो॒दयात् ।).
Chapter 10 Shloka 25 in the Gita mentions:
यज्ञानां जपयज्ञोऽस्मि
Among the yagnas, I am the japa-yagna.
i.e., Among rituals/prayers/offerings/sacrifices, the best is 'japa' (the practice of repetitively chanting mantras by oneself).
Chapter 10 Shloka 35 in the Gita mentions:
गायत्री छन्दसामहम्
Among the chandas (poetic metres), I am Gayatri (i.e., the best is Gayatri).
------- The Human–Cosmos Analogy -------
The Gayatri mantra encourages humans to realize their close relationship with the environment/universe, which is a recurring theme in the vedic literature.
(1) Yajurveda:
A popular analogy that is commonly attributed to Yajurveda is:
यत् पिण्डे तद् ब्रह्माण्डे |
यद् ब्रह्माण्डे तत् पिण्डे ॥
yatha pinde tatha brahmande |
yatha brahmande tatha pinde ॥
Translations:
As is a human (पिण्ड), so is the cosmos (ब्रह्माण्ड).
As is the cosmos (ब्रह्माण्ड), so is a human (पिण्ड).
Just as a human is a small universe (पिण्ड), the cosmos is a large universe (ब्रह्माण्ड).
Just as the cosmos is a large universe (ब्रह्माण्ड), a human is a small universe (पिण्ड).
As is the microcosm (पिण्ड), so is the macrocosm (ब्रह्माण्ड).
As is the macrocosm (ब्रह्माण्ड), so is the microcosm (पिण्ड).
The microcosm–macrocosm analogy draws parallels between a human (the microcosm, i.e., the small universe) and the cosmos (the macrocosm, i.e., the large universe).
Specifically, the Yoga-kundalini / Yogakundali Upanishad (योगकुण्डलिनी उपनिषत् / योगकुण्डल्युपनिषत्) in the Krishna Yajurveda (कृष्ण यजुर्वेदः) states the following in verse 1.81:
पिण्डब्रह्माण्डयोरैक्यं लिङ्गसूत्रात्मनोरपि ।
स्वापाव्याकृतयोरैक्यं स्वप्रकाशचिदात्मनोः ॥ ८१॥
Translation:
The microcosm (पिण्ड) and the macrocosm (ब्रह्माण्ड) are united (योरैक्यं),
as manifest forms (linga लिङ्ग) are closely threaded (सूत्रा) with unmanifest forms (atman-rupa आत्मनोरपि).
Internal nature (svabhava स्वापाव्या) and external nature (कृत) are united (योरैक्यं),
as are internal energy (स्वप्रकाश) and external cosmic energy (chidatma चिदात्म).
(2) Puranas:
The human-cosmos analogy is also mentioned in the Garuda Purana:
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं स्नानादिषु फलं मया ।
ब्रह्माण्डे ये गुणाः सन्ति शरीरे ते व्यवस्थिताः ॥ २,३२.१०५॥
and in the Guru Gita in the Skanda Purana:
ब्रह्माण्डपिण्डे सदृशे ब्रह्मप्रकृतिसम्भवात् ।
समष्टिव्यष्टिसम्बन्धादेकसम्बन्धगुम्फिते ॥ ९८॥
ऋषिदेवाश्च पितरो नित्यं प्रकृतिपूरुषौ ।
तिष्ठन्ति पिण्डे ब्रह्माण्डे ग्रहनक्षत्रराशयः ॥ ९९॥
(3) Ayurveda:
The analogy is popular in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेद, traditional medicine).
The Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita (चरक संहिता) states the following in verse 5.3:
यावन्तो हि लोके मूर्तिमन्तो भावविशेषाः तावन्तः पुरुषे,
यावन्तः पुरुषे तावन्तो लोके।
पुरुषोऽयं लोकसम्मितः।।
Translation:
What is in the universe (लोक), is in a human (पुरुष).
What is in a human (पुरुष), is in the universe (लोक).
In a human (पुरुष), the universe (लोक) is present (सम्मितः).
Related scientific information:
In a human, the universe is present. Humans are stardust.
The big bang released the lightest element (hydrogen) that formed stars. Heavier elements are created in stars. The death (supernova explosion) of stars releases the heavier elements.
90.5% of the mass of a human body (and 38% of the atoms) are the heavier elements (stardust, from the supernova explosion of stars). The remaining is the lightest element (hydrogen, from the big-bang). That is, around 1/10th of the mass (and 62% of the atoms) of each human is 13.8 billion years old (age of this universe, since the big bang).
Atoms make molecules; molecules make cells; cells make tissues; tissues make organs.
Just as the cosmos is a large universe, a human is a small universe.
Just as the cosmos is a universe containing trillions of stars, a human is a universe containing trillions of cells.
A human body is a universe containing about 30 trillion human cells and trillions of microbial cells (i.e., microbes; including 39 trillion bacteria and 380 trillion viruses, as well as archaea, fungi, protists, and helminths, all in a single human body).
The trillions of human cells have co-evolved with the trillions of microbial cells that inhabit each human body.
When the universe of human cells and microbial cells in a human is balanced and healthy, the human is healthy.
------- bhargo भर्गो -------
On earth, 'sunlight is the best disinfectant' is a popular saying. In the gayatri mantra, the light of ॐ is the best disinfectant.
The word bharga- भर्ग means: radiance/lustre, roasting/cooking, and is a name of rudra-śiva. Though rudra- रुद्र is known for his powers to destroy the bad, as śiva- शिव he is kind and possesses powers to heal and purify. In sum, bharga- भर्ग refers to the radiance that destroys/roasts impurities and purifies.
The gayatri mantra explains: ॐ is that light (savitur- सवितुर्), which at its best/excellent/supreme form of brightness (varenyam- वरेण्यं), has the radiance to destroy impurities and purify (bhargo- भर्गो), so the person can receive enlightened intelligence (devasya dhimahi- दे॒वस्य धीमहि).
------- Teach Mantras in Easy English to kids / students -------
Light a lamp or candle.
Child can focus on the light with eyes open
and repeat each phrase, after adult, in Sanskrit and English:
Gayatri Mantra
------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
Om bhur bhuvah svah | Om is everywhere, in everything and everyone |
| in the universe. |
| |
Om tat savitur varenyaM | I see Om in that light which is bright. |
| |
bhargo | Help me remove bad thoughts and become good, |
devasya dhImahi | help me become more intelligent and smart. |
| |
dhIyo yo naH | Give good thoughts to everyone, |
prachodayAt | help us go in the correct direction. |
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Pavamana पवमान (Purifying) Mantra
------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
Om | Everything and everyone in the universe, |
| |
asato ma sad-gamaya | help me go from wrong to correct answers, |
| |
tamaso ma jyotir gamaya | help me go from darkness to light, |
| |
mrtyor ma amritam-gamaya| help me go from bad to good healthy habits. |
------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| .-'(/ '-. |
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